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| Synonyms:Pyrrolidine-2,5-dione 2,5-Pyrrolidinedione 2,5-Dioxopyrrolidine Butanimide Succinic acid imide Dihydro-3-pyrrole-2,5-dione Molecular Formula:C4H5NO2 Molecular Weight: 99.09 HS Code: 2925190090 Grade: Industrial grade 99.55% Hazard Class:General Cargo | |||||||||
123-56-8
Boss Chemical
123-56-8
Succinimide (pyrrolidine-2,5-dione; succinic acid imide; C₄H₅NO₂, CAS 123-56-8) is a white crystalline cyclic imide — a five-membered ring containing one nitrogen and two carbonyl groups. It is one of the fundamental nitrogen heterocycles of industrial chemistry: the parent compound from which a whole family of succinimide derivatives is built. In organic synthesis it is a versatile hydrogen-bonding platform and the starting material for the classic N-halogenating reagents N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS), for N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) used in bioconjugation and protein labeling. The same chemistry underpins succinimide dispersants for lubricating oils, succinimide-based polymers (polyimides) for heat-resistant engineering applications, and industrial silver-plating processes. Despite this broad reactivity, succinimide itself is remarkably benign: the oral LD50 in rats is about 14 g/kg, and its GHS classification is limited to mild irritation (H315/H319/H335). As a manufacturer we supply consistent crystalline succinimide with COA and SDS on every shipment.
● Versatile Cyclic Imide Platform (Core Application): parent compound of NBS/NCS/NHS reagents and N-substituted succinimide derivatives;
● Lubricant & Materials Chemistry: succinimide dispersants in engine oils; polyimide building block for heat-resistant polymers;
● Benign Safety Profile: oral LD50 ≈ 14 g/kg (rat); GHS limited to mild skin/eye/respiratory irritation.
Item | Specification |
Chemical Name | Succinimide (pyrrolidine-2,5-dione; succinic acid imide) |
Synonyms | 2,5-Pyrrolidinedione; 2,5-dioxopyrrolidine; 2,5-diketopyrrolidine; butanimide |
CAS No. | 123-56-8 |
EC No. (EINECS) | 204-635-6 |
Molecular Formula | C₄H₅NO₂ ((CH₂)₂(CO)₂NH) |
Molecular Weight | 99.09 g/mol |
Appearance | White crystalline powder |
Solubility | Very soluble in water (≈ 0.33 g/mL); soluble in ethanol and acetone |
Succinimide, (CH₂)₂(CO)₂NH (MW 99.09), is the cyclic imide of succinic acid: a five-membered ring in which a nitrogen atom bridges the two carbonyl groups of succinic acid, forming a 2,5-pyrrolidinedione. The imide N-H is weakly acidic (pKa ≈ 9.5), and the molecule is both a hydrogen-bond donor and acceptor — the basis of its versatile reactivity. It is classically prepared by thermal decomposition of ammonium succinate (Organic Syntheses, 1936), i.e. dehydration of the ammonium salt of succinic acid; on an industrial scale it is made by reacting succinic acid with ammonia under dehydrating conditions. Because the imide nitrogen can be alkylated, acylated or halogenated, succinimide is the parent of a large derivative family: N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS) for allylic/halogenation chemistry, N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) for active-ester bioconjugation, and N-substituted succinimides with agrochemical and additive activity. It is a white crystalline solid, very soluble in water (≈ 0.33 g/mL), melting at 125–127 °C, with remarkably low acute toxicity (oral LD50 ≈ 14 g/kg in rats).
● Parent cyclic imide platform: the building block for NBS/NCS/NHS and N-substituted succinimide derivatives.
● Broad derivative chemistry: agrochemical, polymer and additive synthesis.
● Very low acute toxicity: oral LD50 ≈ 14 g/kg (rat); mild GHS profile (H315/H319/H335).
● Hydrogen-bond donor/acceptor: useful in crystal engineering and bioconjugation chemistry.
● High-purity crystalline form: consistent assay and melting point with COA.
● Multi-industry reach: fine chemicals, lubricant additives, materials and plating.
Succinimide is used across organic syntheses as a versatile intermediate and reagent platform:
● Precursor to N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS): the standard mild halogenating reagents.
● Precursor to N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS): active-ester chemistry for bioconjugation and protein labeling.
● Hydrogen-bonding building block for asymmetric synthesis of chiral succinimide derivatives.
● Substrate and intermediate in the synthesis of N-substituted succinimides.
● Succinimide dispersants (e.g. polyisobutenyl succinimide, PIBSI) in engine-oil formulations.
● Ashless dispersants that keep sludge and soot suspended in lubricating oils.
● Additive intermediates for fuels and industrial fluids.
● Used in some industrial silver-plating processes.
● Component of silver-plating electrolyte formulations.
● Building block for polyimide-type polymers with high thermal resistance and mechanical strength.
● Materials for electronics and automotive applications.
● Analytical and biochemical reagents derived from the imide ring.
● 25 kg multi-wall paper bags with PE liner, or fiber drums; small packs on request;
● Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area; keep containers tightly closed;
● Slightly flammable — keep away from open flames and ignition sources;
● Keep away from strong oxidizers.
● Factory-direct supply: own production and sourcing capability, transparent pricing, no middleman markup.
● Stable quality: strict internal control, every batch tested (assay, melting point, purity), COA with every shipment.
● Fast response: quotations and technical support (COA, SDS, application advice); small trial orders accepted.
Succinimide is the parent cyclic imide used across organic syntheses and in some industrial silver-plating processes. It is the starting material for the reagent family NBS (N-bromosuccinimide),
Yes — succinimide has very low acute toxicity: the oral LD50 in rats is about 14 g/kg. Its GHS classification is limited to Warning-level irritation: H315 (skin irritation), H319 (serious eye irritation) and H335 (respiratory irritation), and it is slightly flammable. Use normal industrial hygiene: gloves, eye protection and adequate ventilation, keep away from open flames, and follow the SDS.
Succinimide (CAS 123-56-8) is the parent imide, C₄H₅NO₂. N-Bromosuccinimide (NBS) and N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS) are its N-halogenated derivatives, used as selective halogenating and dehydrogenating reagents in organic synthesis. N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) is the N-hydroxy derivative whose esters are the standard 'active esters' for bioconjugation — coupling proteins, peptides and labels. Each derivative is a distinct product with its own CAS number and price, so always specify exactly which succinimide product you need when ordering.
